The Gendered Realities of Homelessness in Canada

Homelessness affects people across demographics, but women often face unique, hidden challenges that go unaddressed. Homeless women in Canada represent a growing, vulnerable population navigating a host of issues that require specific, tailored support.

The Gendered Nature of Homelessness

While homelessness is often visualized as affecting men, women constitute about 27.3% of those who access shelters. However, this number doesn’t fully capture the scope of female homelessness, as women are more likely to engage in "hidden homelessness" by couch-surfing or staying with friends to avoid shelter environments where they might feel unsafe.

Credit: Scott Barbour/Getty Images

Violence and Trauma

Homeless women frequently face violence, both as a cause and consequence of their homelessness. Studies indicate that a large proportion of homeless women have experienced some form of violence or abuse, often forcing them to leave unsafe homes. A report by The Canadian Women's Foundation reveals that over 80% of homeless women have experienced physical or sexual violence at some point in their lives.

Family Separation and Hidden Homelessness

Many women experiencing homelessness have children, and fear of losing custody can prevent them from seeking help at shelters or reporting their homelessness. In fact, some mothers choose precarious housing arrangements or stay in abusive situations to keep their families together. This choice often leads to “hidden homelessness,” which is harder to quantify and address.

Health and Accessibility Barriers

Health concerns are more prevalent among homeless women, with higher rates of chronic illnesses and mental health issues than their male counterparts. Access to healthcare is often complicated by the lack of gender-sensitive services. Limited access to essential items like menstrual hygiene products can also contribute to the marginalization of homeless women. Organizations like Women’s National Housing & Homelessness Network are advocating for better policies and access to healthcare for women who are experiencing homelessness.

Photo sourced from Hospital News

Limited Shelter Options for Women

Though shelters exist, many are not designed to meet the specific needs of women. Women experiencing homelessness have distinct needs related to safety, privacy, and family support, making traditional shelters unsuitable. Shelter Safe lists shelters across Canada but acknowledges that women's facilities are limited, and many lack adequate resources for security and specialized care.

Addressing Female Homelessness

To truly tackle homelessness among women, policy changes and public support must focus on their unique needs. Investments in safe, affordable housing and trauma-informed, gender-sensitive services are essential. Organizations like YWCA Canada are working to provide shelter and transitional housing specifically designed for women and their children. Community support and public awareness are crucial to reshaping services that empower women experiencing homelessness and help them rebuild their lives.

Through empathy, education, and action, we can start to make a difference for vulnerable women and families, helping to ensure that homelessness in Canada is met with dignity and effective solutions for everyone.